The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies
The affective profiles in the USA: happiness, depression, life satisfaction, and happiness-increasing strategies
Blog Article
Background.The affective profiles model categorizes individuals as self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect), high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect), low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect), and self-destructive (low positive affect, high negative affect).The model has been used extensively among Swedes to discern differences between profiles regarding happiness, depression, and also life satisfaction.The E-Juice aim of the present study was to investigate such differences in a sample of residents of the USA.The study also investigated differences between profiles with regard to happiness-increasing strategies.
Methods.In Study I, 900 participants reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS) and happiness (Happiness-Depression Scale).In Study II, 500 participants self-reported affect (PANAS), life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale), and how often they used specific strategies to increase their own happiness (Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales).Results.The results showed that, compared to the other profiles, self-fulfilling individuals were less depressed, happier, and more satisfied with their lives.
Nevertheless, self-destructive individuals were more depressed, unhappier, and less satisfied than all other profiles.The self-fulfilling individuals tended to use strategies related to agentic (e.g., instrumental goal-pursuit), communal (e.g.
, social affiliation), and spiritual (e.g., religion) values when pursuing happiness.Conclusion.These differences suggest that promoting positive emotions can positively influence a Electronic Ballasts depressive-to-happy state as well as increasing life satisfaction.
Moreover, the present study shows that pursuing happiness through strategies guided by agency, communion, and spirituality is related to a self-fulfilling experience described as high positive affect and low negative affect.